Question

NPM 安装因 node-gyp 而失败

2015-11-24

398720

javascript node.js npm node-gyp

我们在项目上运行 “npm install” 时遇到问题。无法找到某个文件：

fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'windows.h'

它似乎来自 node-gyp 模块：

c:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\src\win_delay_lo ad_hook.c(13):

fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'windows.h': No suc h file or directory [D:\ngs-frontend-next\node_modules\browser-sync\node_module s\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\buil d\binding.sln]

这个 node-gyp 似乎给我们带来了无穷无尽的痛苦。起初它抱怨说需要 python，所以我们安装了它。然后它抱怨说需要 VCBuild，我们安装了它（使用 .NET 2.0 SDK），现在我们遇到了这个错误。好像错误越来越模糊，感觉我们走错了路。

奇怪的是，我们团队中的其他人在运行 npm-install 时没有遇到任何问题。

完整的错误如下所示：

c:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\src\win_delay_lo ad_hook.c(13):

fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'windows.h': No suc h file or directory [D:\ngs-frontend-next\node_modules\browser-sync\node_module s\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\buil d\binding.sln]

gyp ERR! build error gyp ERR! stack Error: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\msbuild.exe failed with exit code: 1 stack at ChildProcess.onExit (C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\node _modules\node-gyp\lib\build.js:270:23) gyp ERR! stack at emitTwo (events.js:87:13) gyp ERR! stack at ChildProcess.emit (events.js:172:7) gyp ERR! stack at Process.ChildProcess._handle.onexit (internal/child_proces s.js:200:12) gyp ERR! System Windows_NT 6.1.7601 gyp ERR! command "C:\Program Files\nodejs\node.exe" "C:\Program Files\nodej s\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\node-gyp.js" "rebuild" gyp ERR! cwd D:\ngs-frontend-next\node_modules\browser-sync\node_modules\socket. io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil gyp ERR! node -v v4.2.2 gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v3.0.3 gyp ERR! not ok npm WARN optional dep failed, continuing [email protected]

[email protected] postinstall D:\ngs-frontend-next\node_modules\gulp-imagemin\nod e_modules\imagemin\node_modules\imagemin-gifsicle\node_modules\gifsicle node lib/install.js

Out package.json 如下所示：

{
  "name": "Fast-nunjucks",
  "version": "0.0.1",
  "description": "A simple boilerplate using nunjucks as a template engine",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "repository": {
    "type": "git",
    "url": "https://github.com/willianjusten/Fast-nunjucks.git"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "nunjucks",
    "node",
    "gulp",
    "stylus"
  ],
  "author": "Willian Justen de Vasconcellos",
  "license": "ISC",
  "bugs": {
    "url": "https://github.com/willianjusten/Fast-nunjucks/issues"
  },
  "homepage": "https://github.com/willianjusten/Fast-nunjucks",
  "devDependencies": {
    "autoprefixer-stylus": "^0.7.1",
    "browser-sync": "^2.8.2",
    "gulp": "^3.9.0",
    "gulp-cache": "^0.3.0",
    "gulp-concat": "^2.6.0",
    "gulp-if": "^1.2.5",
    "gulp-imagemin": "^2.3.0",
    "gulp-minify-html": "^1.0.4",
    "gulp-nunjucks-html": "^1.2.2",
    "gulp-order": "^1.1.1",
    "gulp-plumber": "^1.0.1",
    "gulp-stylus": "^2.0.6",
    "gulp-uglify": "^1.2.0",
    "gulp-util": "^3.0.6",
    "jeet": "^6.1.2",
    "kouto-swiss": "^0.11.13",
    "minimist": "^1.1.3",
    "rupture": "^0.6.1"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "gulp-install": "^0.6.0"
  }
}

Answer 1

我尝试了上述所有解决方案，但都不起作用。我的问题在于根目录中的一些文件，我必须删除它们：

package-lock.json 和 yarn.lock 以及 yarn-error.log

删除这些文件后，我运行：

npm cache clean --force

然后我运行命令：

npm install

错误消失了

Answer 2

这些错误消息让我感到困惑，并没有帮助我完全解决错误。

README.md 适用于 node-gyp 项目的 README.md 更好地列出了 Unix、Max OS X 和 Windows 的安装说明。

在 Windows 系统中，您可以选择选项 1 或选项 2，但最重要的是您需要安装 Visual C++ Build工具。

以下引述来自 Windows 安装部分：

On Windows:
Visual C++ Build Environment:

Option 1: Install Visual C++ Build Tools using the Default Install option.

Option 2: Install Visual Studio 2015 (or modify an existing installation) and select Common Tools for Visual C++ during setup. This also works with the free Community and Express for Desktop editions.

[Windows Vista / 7 only] requires .NET Framework 4.5.1
Install Python 2.7 ( v3.x.x is not supported), and run
npm config set python python2.7
(or see below for further instructions on specifying the proper Python version and path.)
Launch cmd,
npm config set msvs_version 2015
If the above steps didn't work for you, please visit Microsoft's Node.js Guidelines for Windows for additional tips.

Python 配置的常用说明：

If you have multiple Python versions installed, you can identify which Python version node-gyp uses by setting the '--python' variable:

$ node-gyp --python /path/to/python2.7

If node-gyp is called by way of npm and you have multiple versions of Python installed, then you can set npm's 'python' config key to the appropriate value:

$ npm config set python /path/to/executable/python2.7

按照上述说明成功配置了我的系统。

系统信息

λ ver

Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]

λ node -v
v6.2.0
λ npm -v
3.9.2